Introduction
Flat foot, also known as pes planus, is a condition where the arches of the feet are lowered or flattened, causing the entire sole to touch the ground. This condition can lead to discomfort, pain, and functional impairments. At MEX Physio in Milton, we offer specialized physiotherapy treatments to address flat foot and help patients regain optimal foot function and mobility.
Anatomy
The human foot is composed of 26 bones, 33 joints, and more than 100 muscles, tendons, and ligaments. The arch of the foot is formed by the tarsal and metatarsal bones, supported by ligaments and tendons. The main structures involved in maintaining the arch include the plantar fascia, tibialis posterior tendon, and the intrinsic foot muscles. These structures work together to provide shock absorption, stability, and propulsion during walking and running.
Risk Factors
Several factors can contribute to the development of flat foot, including:
- Genetic predisposition
- Weakness or injury to the tibialis posterior tendon
- Obesity or excessive weight
- Arthritis or other inflammatory conditions
- Wearing inappropriate footwear
- Congenital abnormalities or developmental issues
Signs and Symptoms
The common signs and symptoms of flat foot include:
- Pain and fatigue in the feet, especially in the arches and heels
- Swelling along the inside of the ankle
- Difficulty standing on tiptoes
- Overpronation during walking or running
- Lower back, hip, or knee pain due to altered biomechanics
Differential Diagnosis
Differentiating flat foot from other foot conditions is crucial for effective treatment. Conditions such as plantar fasciitis, posterior tibial tendon dysfunction, and tarsal coalition can present with similar symptoms. A thorough clinical examination, sometimes supplemented with imaging studies like X-rays or MRI, can help confirm the diagnosis of flat foot.
Physiotherapy Treatment for Flat Foot
At MEX Physio, our physiotherapy treatment for flat foot in Milton focuses on relieving pain, improving foot mechanics, and enhancing overall function. Our treatment approach includes:
- Initial Assessment:
- Detailed examination of foot structure and gait analysis
- Identifying contributing factors and individual needs
- Orthotics:
- Custom orthotics to provide arch support and correct foot alignment
- Recommendations for appropriate footwear
- Strengthening Exercises:
- Exercises targeting the intrinsic foot muscles and tibialis posterior
- Resistance training for the lower limbs to improve overall stability
- Stretching Exercises:
- Stretching the calf muscles, Achilles tendon, and plantar fascia to reduce tension and improve flexibility
- Manual Therapy:
- Techniques to mobilize and manipulate the foot joints
- Soft tissue therapy to address muscle tightness and improve circulation
- Functional Training:
- Balance and proprioceptive exercises to enhance coordination and prevent injuries
- Gait retraining to promote proper foot mechanics
Research Evidence in Treatment
Research supports the use of physiotherapy interventions in managing flat foot. Studies have demonstrated that custom orthotics, combined with strengthening and stretching exercises, can significantly reduce pain and improve foot function. Evidence also highlights the importance of addressing proximal muscle weakness and incorporating comprehensive rehabilitation programs.
Integrated Approach
At MEX Physio, we adopt an integrated approach to treating flat foot, combining various modalities to achieve optimal results:
- Education: Informing patients about their condition and the importance of adherence to the treatment plan
- Manual Therapy: Techniques to enhance joint mobility and reduce pain
- Active Release Therapy (ART): Soft tissue therapy to address tightness and improve muscle function
- Acupuncture: For pain relief and promoting tissue healing
- Taping: To provide additional support and improve foot alignment
- Functional Rehab: Exercises to restore full function and strength
- Return to Activity Programs: Customized plans to safely return patients to their daily activities and sports
Unique to MEX Physio
For flat foot , MEX Physio offers comprehensive Gait Scan (walking analysis) with advanced technology that has Dynamic scanning and Pressure mapping for designing custom made orthotics for our clients . We also provide braces, splints for foot.
Tags: Flat Foot, Physiotherapy Clinic, Manual Physiotherapy, Posture Pain, Knee pain therpay, Ankle pain, Hip and Knee Pain
